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Citation and Writing Guides

Primary Style or Format Guide

Council of Science Editors. 2014. Scientific style and format: the CSE manual for authors, editors, and publishers. 8th ed. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

This guide can be found in Cudahy Reference.

Call number: T 11 .S386 2014

From CSE - Style Information

Scientific Style and Format (CSE) Uses and Tips

This style is developed by the Council of Science Editors, formerly known as the Council of Biology Editors (CBE), established in 1957 by the National Science Foundation and the American Institute of Biological Sciences. Originally, recommendations on scientific style were limited mainly to the microbial, plant, zoological, and medical sciences, however, the scope was broadened to generally encompass all scientific disciplines in January 2000. Now, CSE Style is most commonly used in Biology, Geology, Chemistry and other sciences.

Though similar to Chicago/Turabian, many scientists use one of three systems of documentation specified by the Council of Science Editors.

  • CSE name-year system, the author and date of the source are named in parenthesis in-text. The reference list at the end of the document is listed in alphabetical order.
  • CSE citation-sequence system, each source cited in the paper is given a number the first time it appears in the text. Anytime the source is referred to again, the text is marked with the same number. At the end of the paper, a list of references provides full publication information for each numbered source. Entries in the reference list are numbered in the order in which they are mentioned in the paper. 
  • CSE citation-name system, the list of references is first put in alphabetical order and then the entries are numbered in that order. Those numbers are used in the text to cite the sources from the list.

General Document Guidelines include:

  • Authors' Names in Citations
    • List authors last name first. Use initials for first and middle names, with no periods after the initials and no space between them. Do not use a comma between the last name and the initials, e.g. Smith MB, Bradley JA. 
    • Use all authors' names if a work has up to ten authors; for a work with eleven or more authors, list the first ten names followed by a comma and "et al." or "and others."
  • Titles of Books and Articles
    • Capitalize only the first word (and all proper nouns) in the title of a book or article.
    • Do not underline or italicize the titles of books; do not place titles of articles in quotation marks.
  • Titles of Journals
    • It is recommended to abbreviate titles of journals that consist of more than one word. One general guideline is that at least the last two letters are usually dropped.  Sometimes, internal letters may be eliminated.  Words that are one-syllable or less than five letters usually aren't abbreviated. Capitalize all the words or abbreviated words in the title (for example, Science, Sci Am, J Clin Psychopharmacol). Do not underline or italicize the title.
    • If desired, common abbreviations can be found in publications such as List of Journals Indexed for MEDLINE.
  • Page Ranges
    • Do not abbreviate page ranges for articles in journals or periodicals and for chapters in edited volumes. When an article appears on discontinuous pages, list all pages or page ranges separated by commas: 145-149, 162-174. For chapters in edited volumes, use the abbreviation "p." before the numbers (p. 63-90).