• Turabian is a simplified version of Chicago Style created by Kate Larimore Turabian for students and researchers.
• Source citations in Turabian come in two varieties: (1) notes and bibliography (or simply notes) and (2) author-date. 
  • They are the same ones presented in The Chicago Manual of Style and are very similar aside from the way they cite sources in the text.
  • If you aren't sure which variety to use, read the descriptions of the styles below and ask your instructor.

Notes & Bibliography:

• Popular in the humanities (literature, history, and the arts).
• Sources are cited in numbered footnotes or endnotes​.
  • Each note corresponds to a raised (superscript) number in the text.
• Sources are also listed in a separate bibliography.
• Flexible and can easily accommodate a wide variety of sources.

Author-Date:

• Common in the physical, natural, and social sciences.
• Sources are briefly cited in the text (usually in parentheses) by last name and year of publication.
  • Each citation in the text matches up with an entry in a reference list, where full bibliographic information is provided.