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Citations and Reference Management

Citation style guidelines, source formatting examples, and reference management software for organizing and citing sources.

Research and academic integrity require transparent use of sources. When you build on others’ ideas, you must give credit through proper citation. This guide helps you get started with citation basics, choose the right style, and find the tools you need for academic success.

Citations give credit to researchers whose work supports your arguments and help readers find your sources. They demonstrate the depth of your research and allow others to verify your claims and build upon your work.

Understanding Citations

You must cite when you:

  • Quote directly from any source (even short phrases)
  • Paraphrase or summarize someone else’s ideas
  • Use specific data, statistics, or research findings
  • Reference theories, concepts, or methodologies

When in doubt, cite it. Over-citing is always better than inadvertent plagiarism. Learning to cite properly develops intellectual honesty, respects the work of others, and prepares you for professional research where attribution is both an ethical and a legal requirement. For guidance on ethical use of AI tools in research and citation, see our AI guide .

Choosing Your Citation Style

Your instructor will typically specify which style to use, as different disciplines have adopted specific citation conventions that serve their research needs. APA emphasizes currency with prominent dates, MLA focuses on authorship for literary analysis, and Chicago provides flexibility for historical sources. When in doubt, ask your instructor, as using the wrong citation style may affect your grade.

Comprehensive Citation Resources

  • Complete Citation Styles Guide - Detailed formatting rules and examples for APA, MLA, Chicago, CSE, and other styles with comprehensive source type examples
  • Citation Tools and Resources - Citation management software, online generators, and workflow guidance for organizing sources and creating bibliographies

Getting Help with Citations

Style Manuals at Reference Desks: All major citation style manuals are available at reference desks at the Information Commons, Cudahy Library, and Lewis Library:

  • APA Publication Manual (7th edition)
  • MLA Handbook (9th edition)
  • Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)
  • Turabian Manual for Writers (9th edition)

Contact Information:

Learning proper citation takes practice, and we’re here to help you succeed at every stage of your academic work. Good citation habits developed early will benefit all your future research endeavors.